Data lineage is a critical aspect of data governance as it provides a detailed record of the data's origin, transformations, and movement over time. Understanding data lineage helps organizations track errors, understand data dependencies, and ensure data quality. Master Data Management (MDM) complements data governance by ensuring that the organization's key data entities, such as customers and products, are consistent and accurate across the enterprise.

Data privacy is a fundamental concern in data governance, focusing on protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access and breaches. Data stewardship involves designated individuals or teams responsible for managing and safeguarding the data assets. Compliance management ensures that the organization adheres to relevant laws, regulations, and standards, such as GDPR or HIPAA, thereby avoiding legal and financial penalties.

Metadata management plays a pivotal role in data governance by providing context to the data, such as its source, usage, and any associated business rules. This information is critical for data quality management, which focuses on maintaining high standards of data accuracy, completeness, and reliability. A data catalog is a tool that helps organizations discover, understand, and manage their data assets by providing a searchable inventory of metadata, data lineage, and data stewardship information.