Finance

Discover essential terms and theories for product makers.

Ad Fraud

Ad Fraud is the practice of generating false or deceptive interactions with online advertisements to exploit advertising budgets.

MarketingFinance

Ad Spend

Ad Spend refers to the total amount of money a company invests in advertising campaigns across various platforms.

MarketingFinance

Algorithmic Attribution

Algorithmic attribution is a method of assigning credit to different marketing touchpoints using complex algorithms to determine their contribution to...

MarketingFinance

Algorithmic Pricing

Algorithmic pricing is the use of computer algorithms to determine the price of products or services based on various factors such as demand, competit...

SalesMarketingFinance

Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR)

Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR) is the total revenue a company expects to receive from its subscription-based customers over a year.

SalesFinanceFunding

Attrition Rate

Attrition rate is a measure of the number of individuals or items that move out of a larger, collective group over a specified time period.

HRFinance

Audit Trails

Audit trails are records that chronologically detail the sequence of activities or changes made to data or systems.

FinanceSoftware Engineering

Automated Bidding

Automated bidding is a digital advertising strategy where algorithms adjust bids in real-time to achieve specific campaign goals.

SalesMarketingFinance

Average Order Value (AOV)

Average Order Value (AOV) is the average amount of money spent each time a customer places an order on a website or in a store.

SalesFinance

Average Revenue Per User (ARPU)

Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) measures the revenue generated per user or customer, typically within a specific time frame such as a month or year.

SalesFinanceMarketing

Balanced Scorecard

A Balanced Scorecard is a strategic management tool that provides a framework to monitor and manage an organization's performance using financial and ...

FinanceHR

Barriers to Entry

Barriers to entry are obstacles that make it difficult for new competitors to enter an industry or market.

MarketingFinance

Bid Strategy

A bid strategy is a plan or method used in online advertising to determine how much to pay for advertising slots to achieve specific goals like clicks...

MarketingFinance

Blockchain

Blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions across many computers in a way that the registered transactions cannot be alter...

Product DevelopmentSoftware EngineeringFinance

Board of Directors

A Board of Directors is a group of individuals elected to represent shareholders and oversee the management and major decisions of a company.

HRFinanceFunding

Break-Even Analysis

Break-Even Analysis is a financial calculation to determine the point at which revenue received equals the costs associated with receiving the revenue...

FinanceSales

Business Intelligence

Business Intelligence (BI) refers to the technologies, applications, and practices for the collection, integration, analysis, and presentation of busi...

SalesMarketingFinance

Cash Flow Forecasting

Cash flow forecasting is the process of estimating the future financial position of a business by predicting its cash inflows and outflows over a spec...

FinanceFunding

Churn Rate

Churn rate is the percentage of customers who stop using a service or product within a given time period.

SalesMarketingFinance

Click Fraud

Click fraud refers to the deceptive practice of repeatedly clicking on online ads to increase revenue or exhaust the advertiser's budget.

MarketingFinance

Cluster Analysis

Cluster analysis is a statistical method used to group similar objects into clusters based on their characteristics.

Product DevelopmentMarketingFinance

Consumer Confidence

Consumer confidence measures how optimistic or pessimistic consumers are about the economy's current and future performance.

SalesMarketingFinance

Content ROI

Content ROI is the measurement of the return on investment from content marketing efforts, evaluating the profitability and effectiveness of content i...

MarketingFinance

Conversion Fraud

Conversion fraud is the deceptive practice of generating fake actions or conversions to manipulate marketing or advertising metrics.

SalesMarketingFinance

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Cost-Benefit Analysis is a systematic approach to evaluating the economic pros and cons of different choices to determine the best option.

FinanceProduct Development

Cost Per Acquisition (CPA)

Cost Per Acquisition (CPA) is a marketing metric that measures the total cost to acquire a single paying customer or conversion.

MarketingFinance

Cost Structure

Cost structure refers to the various types and proportions of costs a business incurs, including fixed and variable costs, to produce goods or service...

FinanceProduct Development

Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)

Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) is the total expense incurred to acquire a new customer, including marketing, sales, and promotional costs.

MarketingSalesFinance

Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)

Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) is the total revenue a business can expect from a single customer account throughout their entire relationship.

MarketingSalesFinance

Data Aggregation

Data aggregation is the process of collecting, combining, and summarizing data from multiple sources to provide a unified view.

SalesMarketingFinance

Data Breach

A data breach is an incident where unauthorized individuals gain access to sensitive or confidential information.

Software EngineeringFinance

Data Governance

Data governance refers to the overall management of data availability, usability, integrity, and security in an organization.

Software EngineeringFinance

Data Mart

A Data Mart is a subset of a data warehouse focused on a specific business line or team, providing them with relevant data.

SalesMarketingFinance

Data Masking

Data masking is a technique used to protect sensitive information by replacing it with fictional but realistic data.

Software EngineeringFinanceHR

Demand Forecasting

Demand forecasting is the process of predicting future customer demand for a product or service based on historical data and other information.

SalesMarketingFinance

Descriptive Analytics

Descriptive analytics is the analysis of historical data to understand trends and evaluate past performance.

SalesMarketingHRProduct DevelopmentFinanceFundingSoftware Engineering

Dynamic Pricing

Dynamic pricing is a strategy where prices are adjusted in real-time based on market demand, competition, and other factors.

SalesMarketingFinance

Economic Indicators

Economic indicators are statistics that provide information about the overall health and direction of an economy.

FinanceSales

Expense Management

Expense Management is the process of tracking, controlling, and optimizing an organization's spending to ensure financial efficiency and budget compli...

FinanceHR

Gap Analysis

Gap Analysis is a method used to compare actual performance with potential or desired performance.

SalesMarketingHRProduct DevelopmentFinanceFundingSoftware Engineering

Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to determine whether there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis.

FinanceProduct Development

Impression Fraud

Impression fraud is a type of online advertising fraud where false impressions of ads are generated to inflate revenue or drain advertisers' budgets.

MarketingFinance

Incident Reports

Incident reports document the details of unexpected events or disruptions in the workplace, outlining what happened, when, where, and the individuals ...

HRFinance

Industry Analysis

Industry analysis is a market assessment tool used by businesses to understand the competitive landscape, market trends, and economic factors influenc...

MarketingFinance

Intellectual Property (IP)

Intellectual Property (IP) refers to legal rights that protect creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and sy...

Product DevelopmentFinance

Joint Ventures

A Joint Venture is a business arrangement where two or more parties agree to combine resources for a specific goal, sharing profits, losses, and contr...

SalesMarketingFinanceFunding

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are measurable values that demonstrate how effectively an organization is achieving its key business objectives.

SalesMarketingHRFinance

Lagging Indicators

Lagging indicators are metrics that reflect the outcomes or results of past actions and events, often used to measure performance after the fact.

Finance

Lean Management

Lean Management is a systematic method for waste minimization within a manufacturing system without sacrificing productivity.

Product DevelopmentFinance

Licensing Agreement

A licensing agreement is a legal contract where the licensor grants the licensee the right to use, produce, or sell intellectual property (IP) in exch...

SalesFinance

Logistics Management

Logistics Management involves the planning, implementation, and control of efficient movement and storage of goods, services, and information from ori...

Product DevelopmentFinance

Market Analysis

Market analysis is the process of evaluating the attractiveness and dynamics of a market within a specific industry.

MarketingFinance

Market Growth

Market growth refers to the increase in a company's sales or revenue over a specific period, indicating the company's expansion and success in the mar...

SalesMarketingFinance

Market Power

Market power refers to the ability of a firm or group of firms to influence or control the price and output levels in a particular market.

MarketingFinance

Maximum Bid

Maximum Bid is the highest amount an advertiser is willing to pay for a single click on their ad in a pay-per-click (PPC) campaign.

SalesMarketingFinance

Operational Efficiency

Operational Efficiency refers to the ability of an organization to deliver products or services in the most cost-effective manner without compromising...

HRProduct DevelopmentFinance

Performance Metrics

Performance metrics are measurable values that assess how effectively an individual, team, or organization is achieving key objectives.

SalesMarketingFinance

Porter's Five Forces

Porter's Five Forces is a framework for analyzing a company's competitive environment and identifying potential threats and opportunities.

MarketingFinance

Post-Attribution Fraud

Post-Attribution Fraud is a type of ad fraud where fraudulent activities occur after the attribution of an ad event, falsely inflating metrics like en...

MarketingFinance

Predictive Analytics

Predictive analytics uses statistical algorithms and machine learning techniques to identify the likelihood of future outcomes based on historical dat...

SalesMarketingFinance

Pricing Strategy

Pricing strategy is the method businesses use to set the prices for their products or services, considering factors like costs, competition, and custo...

SalesMarketingFinance

Quantitative Research

Quantitative research is a method of inquiry that focuses on quantifying data and phenomena to understand patterns, relationships, and trends.

MarketingFinance

Return on Ad Spend (ROAS)

Return on Ad Spend (ROAS) is a marketing metric that measures the revenue generated for every dollar spent on advertising.

SalesMarketingFinance

Return on Investment (ROI)

Return on Investment (ROI) measures the profitability of an investment by comparing the return to its cost.

FinanceMarketing

Revenue Churn

Revenue churn is the loss of revenue over a specified period due to customer cancellations or downgrades.

SalesFinance

Revenue Per Mille (RPM)

Revenue Per Mille (RPM) is a metric that represents the estimated earnings a publisher generates for every 1,000 impressions served.

SalesMarketingFinance

Revenue Projection

Revenue projection is an estimate of future revenue generated by a business over a specific period, based on various factors like market conditions, h...

SalesFinance

ROI Analysis

ROI Analysis is the process of evaluating the return on investment of a project or decision to determine its financial viability and effectiveness.

SalesMarketingFinance

Supply Chain Management

Supply Chain Management (SCM) involves the oversight and management of the flow of goods, information, and finances from the origin point to the end c...

SalesProduct DevelopmentFinance

Switching Costs

Switching costs are the expenses or obstacles that customers face when changing from one product or service to another.

SalesMarketingFinance