Focus groups and interviews are common methods used to gather qualitative data. Focus groups involve guided discussions with a group of people to explore their perceptions, while interviews are one-on-one conversations aimed at obtaining detailed personal insights.

Coding and thematic analysis are fundamental techniques in QDA. Coding involves labeling and organizing data into categories, while thematic analysis identifies patterns and themes within the data. Grounded theory is another approach where theories are developed based on the data itself.

Sentiment analysis and discourse analysis are advanced techniques in QDA. Sentiment analysis examines the emotions expressed in the data, while discourse analysis focuses on understanding the context and meaning of communication. Content analytics and qualitative comparative analysis are used to compare and analyze different data sets to draw broader conclusions.

Case studies and narrative research are used to explore specific instances or stories in depth. Phenomenological analysis focuses on understanding individuals' lived experiences. Data triangulation involves using multiple methods or data sources to validate findings. Customer feedback analysis and pattern recognition are essential in fields like marketing to understand consumer behavior.